最近開始將 Java 開發環境移往 WSL 環境並改用 SDKMAN 來安裝環境，結果發現非常好用，完全可以無腦安裝。今天這篇文章我就來介紹一下 SDKMAN 這套優秀的 SDK 安裝工具，並示範如何用來安裝 Java 開發環境。
安裝 SDKMAN 工具
SDKMAN 是一套以 Bash 寫成的工具，只能跑在有 Bash 的環境下。若要在 Windows 環境下使用，建議跑在 WSL, Cygwin 或 Git Bash for Windows 等環境下。
-
安裝 SDKMAN
curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash
安裝過程會提醒你所有必要事先安裝的工具套件。
-
首次手動載入 SDKMAN 工具 (預設安裝過程已經設定好 ~/.bashrc 啟動定義檔)
source ~/.bashrc
-
檢查 SDKMAN 版本
sdk version
使用 SDKMAN 安裝 OpenJDK、Apache Maven 與 Spring Boot CLI
-
安裝 Microsoft OpenJDK 17
先列出所有 SDKMAN 中支援的 Java 版本
sdk ls java
================================================================================
Available Java Versions for Linux 64bit
================================================================================
Vendor | Use | Version | Dist | Status | Identifier
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corretto | | 18.0.2 | amzn | | 18.0.2-amzn
| | 17.0.4 | amzn | | 17.0.4-amzn
| | 17.0.0.35.1 | amzn | | 17.0.0.35.1-amzn
| | 11.0.16 | amzn | | 11.0.16-amzn
| | 11.0.12.7.1 | amzn | | 11.0.12.7.1-amzn
| | 8.0.342 | amzn | | 8.0.342-amzn
Dragonwell | | 17.0.4 | albba | | 17.0.4-albba
| | 17.0.3 | albba | | 17.0.3-albba
| | 11.0.16 | albba | | 11.0.16-albba
| | 11.0.15 | albba | | 11.0.15-albba
| | 11.0.12.8 | albba | | 11.0.12.8-albba
| | 8.8.9 | albba | | 8.8.9-albba
| | 8.0.345 | albba | | 8.0.345-albba
| | 8.0.332 | albba | | 8.0.332-albba
Gluon | | 22.1.0.1.r17 | gln | | 22.1.0.1.r17-gln
| | 22.1.0.1.r11 | gln | | 22.1.0.1.r11-gln
GraalVM | | 22.2.r17 | grl | | 22.2.r17-grl
| | 22.2.r11 | grl | | 22.2.r11-grl
| | 22.1.0.r17 | grl | | 22.1.0.r17-grl
| | 22.1.0.r11 | grl | | 22.1.0.r11-grl
| | 22.0.0.2.r17 | grl | | 22.0.0.2.r17-grl
| | 22.0.0.2.r11 | grl | | 22.0.0.2.r11-grl
| | 21.3.3.r17 | grl | | 21.3.3.r17-grl
| | 21.3.3.r11 | grl | | 21.3.3.r11-grl
| | 21.3.2.r17 | grl | | 21.3.2.r17-grl
| | 21.3.2.r11 | grl | | 21.3.2.r11-grl
| | 21.3.1.r8 | grl | | 21.3.1.r8-grl
| | 21.2.0.r8 | grl | | 21.2.0.r8-grl
| | 21.1.0.r8 | grl | | 21.1.0.r8-grl
| | 20.3.6.r11 | grl | | 20.3.6.r11-grl
| | 20.3.3.r8 | grl | | 20.3.3.r8-grl
| | 20.3.2.r8 | grl | | 20.3.2.r8-grl
| | 19.3.6.r11 | grl | | 19.3.6.r11-grl
| | 19.3.6.r8 | grl | | 19.3.6.r8-grl
Java.net | | 20.ea.15 | open | | 20.ea.15-open
| | 20.ea.14 | open | | 20.ea.14-open
| | 19.ea.36 | open | | 19.ea.36-open
| | 19.ea.1.pma | open | | 19.ea.1.pma-open
| | 18.0.2 | open | | 18.0.2-open
| | 18.0.2.1 | open | | 18.0.2.1-open
| | 11.0.12 | open | | 11.0.12-open
| | 11.0.11 | open | | 11.0.11-open
| | 11.0.10 | open | | 11.0.10-open
| | 11.0.2 | open | | 11.0.2-open
| | 8.0.302 | open | | 8.0.302-open
| | 8.0.292 | open | | 8.0.292-open
| | 8.0.282 | open | | 8.0.282-open
| | 8.0.265 | open | | 8.0.265-open
Liberica | | 18.0.2.fx | librca | | 18.0.2.fx-librca
| | 18.0.2.1.fx | librca | | 18.0.2.1.fx-librca
| | 18.0.2.1 | librca | | 18.0.2.1-librca
| | 18.0.2 | librca | | 18.0.2-librca
| | 18.0.1.1.fx | librca | | 18.0.1.1.fx-librca
| | 18.0.1.1.fx | librca | | 18.0.1.1.fx-librca
| | 18.0.1.1 | librca | | 18.0.1.1-librca
| | 17.0.4.fx | librca | | 17.0.4.fx-librca
| | 17.0.4.1.fx | librca | | 17.0.4.1.fx-librca
| | 17.0.4.1 | librca | | 17.0.4.1-librca
| | 17.0.4 | librca | | 17.0.4-librca
| | 17.0.3.1.fx | librca | | 17.0.3.1.fx-librca
| | 17.0.3.1 | librca | | 17.0.3.1-librca
| | 11.0.16.fx | librca | | 11.0.16.fx-librca
| | 11.0.16.1.fx | librca | | 11.0.16.1.fx-librca
| | 11.0.16.1 | librca | | 11.0.16.1-librca
| | 11.0.16 | librca | | 11.0.16-librca
| | 11.0.15.fx | librca | | 11.0.15.fx-librca
| | 11.0.15.1.fx | librca | | 11.0.15.1.fx-librca
| | 11.0.15.1 | librca | | 11.0.15.1-librca
| | 8.0.345.fx | librca | | 8.0.345.fx-librca
| | 8.0.345 | librca | | 8.0.345-librca
| | 8.0.342.fx | librca | | 8.0.342.fx-librca
| | 8.0.342 | librca | | 8.0.342-librca
| | 8.0.333.fx | librca | | 8.0.333.fx-librca
| | 8.0.333 | librca | | 8.0.333-librca
| | 8.0.332.fx | librca | | 8.0.332.fx-librca
Liberica NIK | | 22.2.r17 | nik | | 22.2.r17-nik
| | 22.2.r11 | nik | | 22.2.r11-nik
| | 22.1.r17 | nik | | 22.1.r17-nik
| | 22.1.r11 | nik | | 22.1.r11-nik
| | 22.0.0.2.r17 | nik | | 22.0.0.2.r17-nik
| | 22.0.0.2.r11 | nik | | 22.0.0.2.r11-nik
| | 21.3.3.r17 | nik | | 21.3.3.r17-nik
| | 21.3.3.r11 | nik | | 21.3.3.r11-nik
| | 21.3.2.r17 | nik | | 21.3.2.r17-nik
| | 21.3.2.r11 | nik | | 21.3.2.r11-nik
| | 21.2 | nik | | 21.2-nik
| | 21.1 | nik | | 21.1-nik
| | 21.0.0.2.r11 | nik | | 21.0.0.2.r11-nik
| | 21.0.0.2 | nik | | 21.0.0.2-nik
Mandrel | | 22.2.r17 | mandrel | | 22.2.r17-mandrel
| | 22.2.r11 | mandrel | | 22.2.r11-mandrel
| | 22.1.0.0.r17 | mandrel | | 22.1.0.0.r17-mandrel
| | 22.1.0.0.r11 | mandrel | | 22.1.0.0.r11-mandrel
| | 22.0.0.2.r17 | mandrel | | 22.0.0.2.r17-mandrel
| | 22.0.0.2.r11 | mandrel | | 22.0.0.2.r11-mandrel
| | 21.3.3.r17 | mandrel | | 21.3.3.r17-mandrel
| | 21.3.3.r11 | mandrel | | 21.3.3.r11-mandrel
| | 21.3.2.0.r17 | mandrel | | 21.3.2.0.r17-mandrel
| | 21.3.2.0.r11 | mandrel | | 21.3.2.0.r11-mandrel
| | 21.3.1.1.r17 | mandrel | | 21.3.1.1.r17-mandrel
| | 21.3.1.1.r11 | mandrel | | 21.3.1.1.r11-mandrel
| | 21.3.1.0.r17 | mandrel | | 21.3.1.0.r17-mandrel
| | 21.3.1.0.r11 | mandrel | | 21.3.1.0.r11-mandrel
| | 21.3.0.0 | mandrel | | 21.3.0.0-mandrel
| | 21.2.0.2 | mandrel | | 21.2.0.2-mandrel
| | 20.3.3.0 | mandrel | | 20.3.3.0-mandrel
Microsoft | | 17.0.4.1 | ms | | 17.0.4.1-ms
| | 17.0.4 | ms | | 17.0.4-ms
| | 17.0.3 | ms | | 17.0.3-ms
| | 11.0.16.1 | ms | | 11.0.16.1-ms
| | 11.0.16 | ms | | 11.0.16-ms
| | 11.0.15 | ms | | 11.0.15-ms
Oracle | | 18.0.2 | oracle | | 18.0.2-oracle
| | 18.0.1 | oracle | | 18.0.1-oracle
| | 17.0.4 | oracle | | 17.0.4-oracle
| | 17.0.3 | oracle | | 17.0.3-oracle
SapMachine | | 18.0.2 | sapmchn | | 18.0.2-sapmchn
| | 18.0.2.1 | sapmchn | | 18.0.2.1-sapmchn
| | 18.0.1.1 | sapmchn | | 18.0.1.1-sapmchn
| | 17.0.4 | sapmchn | | 17.0.4-sapmchn
| | 17.0.4.1 | sapmchn | | 17.0.4.1-sapmchn
| | 17.0.3 | sapmchn | | 17.0.3-sapmchn
| | 17.0.3.0.1 | sapmchn | | 17.0.3.0.1-sapmchn
| | 17.0.2 | sapmchn | | 17.0.2-sapmchn
| | 11.0.16 | sapmchn | | 11.0.16-sapmchn
| | 11.0.16.1 | sapmchn | | 11.0.16.1-sapmchn
| | 11.0.15 | sapmchn | | 11.0.15-sapmchn
| | 11.0.15.0.1 | sapmchn | | 11.0.15.0.1-sapmchn
| | 11.0.14 | sapmchn | | 11.0.14-sapmchn
| | 11.0.14.1 | sapmchn | | 11.0.14.1-sapmchn
Semeru | | 18.0.2 | sem | | 18.0.2-sem
| | 18.0.1.1 | sem | | 18.0.1.1-sem
| | 17.0.4 | sem | | 17.0.4-sem
| | 17.0.4.1 | sem | | 17.0.4.1-sem
| | 17.0.3 | sem | | 17.0.3-sem
| | 11.0.16 | sem | | 11.0.16-sem
| | 11.0.16.1 | sem | | 11.0.16.1-sem
| | 11.0.15 | sem | | 11.0.15-sem
| | 8.0.345 | sem | | 8.0.345-sem
| | 8.0.332 | sem | | 8.0.332-sem
Temurin | | 18.0.2 | tem | | 18.0.2-tem
| | 18.0.2.1 | tem | | 18.0.2.1-tem
| | 18.0.1 | tem | | 18.0.1-tem
| | 17.0.4 | tem | | 17.0.4-tem
| | 17.0.4.1 | tem | | 17.0.4.1-tem
| | 17.0.3 | tem | | 17.0.3-tem
| | 11.0.16 | tem | | 11.0.16-tem
| | 11.0.16.1 | tem | | 11.0.16.1-tem
| | 11.0.15 | tem | | 11.0.15-tem
| | 8.0.345 | tem | | 8.0.345-tem
| | 8.0.342 | tem | | 8.0.342-tem
| | 8.0.332 | tem | | 8.0.332-tem
Trava | | 11.0.15 | trava | | 11.0.15-trava
| | 11.0.9 | trava | | 11.0.9-trava
| | 8.0.282 | trava | | 8.0.282-trava
| | 8.0.232 | trava | | 8.0.232-trava
Zulu | | 18.0.2 | zulu | | 18.0.2-zulu
| | 18.0.2.fx | zulu | | 18.0.2.fx-zulu
| | 18.0.2.1 | zulu | | 18.0.2.1-zulu
| | 18.0.2.1.fx | zulu | | 18.0.2.1.fx-zulu
| | 18.0.1 | zulu | | 18.0.1-zulu
| | 18.0.1.fx | zulu | | 18.0.1.fx-zulu
| | 17.0.4 | zulu | | 17.0.4-zulu
| | 17.0.4.fx | zulu | | 17.0.4.fx-zulu
| | 17.0.4.1 | zulu | | 17.0.4.1-zulu
| | 17.0.4.1.fx | zulu | | 17.0.4.1.fx-zulu
| | 17.0.3 | zulu | | 17.0.3-zulu
| | 17.0.3.fx | zulu | | 17.0.3.fx-zulu
| | 11.0.16 | zulu | | 11.0.16-zulu
| | 11.0.16.fx | zulu | | 11.0.16.fx-zulu
| | 11.0.16.1 | zulu | | 11.0.16.1-zulu
| | 11.0.16.1.fx | zulu | | 11.0.16.1.fx-zulu
| | 11.0.15 | zulu | | 11.0.15-zulu
| | 11.0.15.fx | zulu | | 11.0.15.fx-zulu
| | 8.0.345 | zulu | | 8.0.345-zulu
| | 8.0.345.fx | zulu | | 8.0.345.fx-zulu
| | 8.0.342 | zulu | | 8.0.342-zulu
| | 8.0.342.fx | zulu | | 8.0.342.fx-zulu
| | 8.0.332 | zulu | | 8.0.332-zulu
| | 8.0.332.fx | zulu | | 8.0.332.fx-zulu
| | 7.0.352 | zulu | | 7.0.352-zulu
| | 7.0.342 | zulu | | 7.0.342-zulu
| | 6.0.119 | zulu | | 6.0.119-zulu
================================================================================
Omit Identifier to install default version 17.0.4.1-tem:
$ sdk install java
Use TAB completion to discover available versions
$ sdk install java [TAB]
Or install a specific version by Identifier:
$ sdk install java 17.0.4.1-tem
Hit Q to exit this list view
================================================================================
我們安裝 17.0.4.1-ms 這個版本
sdk install java 17.0.4.1-ms
使用 SDKMAN 查看目前安裝的 Java 版本
$ sdk current java
Using java version 17.0.4.1-ms
查看目前安裝的 Java 版本
$ java -version
openjdk version "17.0.4.1" 2022-08-12 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Microsoft-40354 (build 17.0.4.1+1-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Microsoft-40354 (build 17.0.4.1+1-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)
-
安裝 Apache Maven CLI
sdk install maven
-
安裝 Spring Boot CLI
sdk install springboot
-
檢查已安裝版本
$ spring --version
Spring CLI v2.7.3
$ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.8.6 (84538c9988a25aec085021c365c560670ad80f63)
Maven home: /home/will/.sdkman/candidates/maven/current
Java version: 17.0.4.1, vendor: Microsoft, runtime: /usr/lib/jvm/msopenjdk-17-amd64
Default locale: en, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "5.10.102.1-microsoft-standard-wsl2", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
以下是快速安裝懶人包：
curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash
source ~/.bashrc
sdk install java 17.0.4.1-ms
sdk install maven
sdk install springboot
透過 SDKMAN 管理多個 JDK 版本
若要用 SDKMAN 管理多個不同的 JDK 版本非常容易，只要用以下步驟體驗一次就知道怎麼做了。
-
先安裝多個不同版本
sdk install java 8.0.345-zulu
Downloading: java 8.0.345-zulu
In progress...
############################################################################### 100.0%
Repackaging Java 8.0.345-zulu...
Done repackaging...
Installing: java 8.0.345-zulu
Done installing!
Do you want java 8.0.345-zulu to be set as default? (Y/n): n
這裡我們先選擇 n 不讓新安裝的版本變成預設值。
-
列出目前安裝的版本
sdk list java
-
在目前 Shell 環境切換版本
sdk use java 8.0.345-zulu
此時可以透過 sdk current java 或 java -version 確認版本
-
若希望在未來新的 Shell 工作階段預設都使用 8.0.345-zulu 的話
sdk default java 8.0.345-zulu
此時你可以開一個新的 Shell session 並透過 sdk current java 或 java -version 確認版本
透過 SDKMAN 管理更新、升級、移除
-
查看是否有更新版本
sdk update
-
升級版本
sdk upgrade
-
查看是否有更新版本
sdk update
-
移除特定版本
# 記得將預設版本切換到現有版本
sdk default java 17.0.4.1-ms
sdk uninstall java 8.0.345-zulu
更新 SDKMAN 到最新版
這部分只要執行以下命令即可：
sdk selfupdate
相關連結